Timeline
Please note that this is a high-level summary, and each decade includes numerous other developments and contributions to the field of artificial intelligence.
1950s - The Birth of AI
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Alan Turing introduces the Turing test, laying the groundwork for AI.
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Marvin Minsky and Dean Edmonds develop the first artificial neural network (ANN) called SNARC.
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Arthur Samuel develops the world's first self-learning program, Samuel Checkers-Playing Program.
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The term "artificial intelligence" is coined by John McCarthy, Marvin Minsky, Nathaniel Rochester, and Claude Shannon.
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Frank Rosenblatt develops the perceptron, an early neural network foundation.
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John McCarthy introduces the programming language Lisp, quickly adopted by the AI industry.
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Arthur Samuel coins the term "machine learning."
1960s and 1970s - Early Expert Systems
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Stanford Research Institute develops Shakey, the first mobile intelligent robot.
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Terry Winograd creates SHRDLU, the first multimodal AI.
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Backpropagation learning algorithm is described for multilayer ANNs.
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Marvin Minsky and Seymour Papert publish "Perceptrons," impacting neural network research.
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James Lighthill releases a report causing a reduction in British government support for AI research.
1980s and 1990s -
Rise of Machine Learning
2000s and 2010s -
Deep learning and AI breakthrough
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Symbolics Lisp machines commercialized, signaling an AI renaissance.
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Marvin Minsky and Roger Schank coin the term "AI winter," predicting a collapse of the industry.
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Judea Pearl introduces Bayesian networks causal analysis.
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Yann LeCun, Yoshua Bengio, and Patrick Haffner demonstrate convolutional neural networks (CNNs).
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Long Short-Term Memory recurrent neural network proposed.
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IBM's Deep Blue defeats Garry Kasparov in a historic chess rematch.
2020s -
Ongoing developments
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OpenAI releases GPT-3 with 175 billion parameters.
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DeepMind's AlphaFold wins the protein-folding contest.
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OpenAI introduces the Dall-E multimodal AI system.
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OpenAI releases GPT-4 multimodal LLM.
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Elon Musk, Steve Wozniak, and others urge a pause on training AI systems more powerful than GPT-4.
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Fei-Fei Li starts working on the ImageNet visual database.
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IBM Watson defeats human champions on Jeopardy!
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Siri, a voice-powered personal assistant, is released by Apple.
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DeepMind introduces deep reinforcement learning.
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Generative adversarial networks (GANs) are invented by Ian Goodfellow and colleagues.
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AlphaGo defeats top Go player Lee Sedol.
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GPT (Generative Pre-trained Transformer) is released by OpenAI.